Pneumatic-hammer.



yM. MAXIMlLIAN., PNEUMATIG HAMMER. APPLIGATION'PILEy'JULY 14.' 1909.

Patented Mar. 22, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

@wais fr.. w w Z 8 6 4 w to mersl which are. used for riveting,

fil)

UNTED LS? PAENT GFFC.

MAX MAXMILIAN, OF BUFFALO, NEW' YORK.

minoritario HAMMER.

sit-ener To all whom tt may concern.' t

Be it known that I, MAX MAXIMiLIAN, a subject ot the Emperor of Germany,residing at Bnil'alo, in the. county of Erie and State et New York, haveinvented a new and useful Improvement in Pneumatic Hammers7 of whichtherollowing is a specitication. i

This invention relates to pneumatic hainchipping and Similar purposes.

In hammers of this character as hereto- Jfore constructed itl has beennecessary to first shut the valve in the main air supply tube or hosebefore the hammer couldbe detached from this air supply tube`other-nis#- the air would 'be wasted and the tube would be viole tlywhipped by the action ot the escaping air and endanger the. workman.

(lne of the objects ot this invention Vis to provide means the escape otair instant that ,the the pneumatic the necessity ot' trom the supplytnbe the same is disconnected from hammer, tl'iereby avoiding` turning;-oit the air in the maiu air suppl);Y tube. and also avoiding thepossibility oli being: iniured.

ln prior pneumatic hanuners it heen customary to torni the seatv tor theair reversingY valve directly on the valve box whit-h necessitatedreplacing;` the entire box when the. valve seat became worn. .lyimproved pneumatic hammer is designed to overcome this objection by thevalve ho.\' with a separate seat or `aide tor the air reversing' valvewhich is'removahle and therefore easily renewable when worn out withont.neeessitatitt; the renewal ol' the entire valve box.

Another 'feature ot novelty in my intproved pnennnttic hammer consists4in so organizing the. 'reversing air valve mechanism that the pistonduring its` reciprocatingl movement. passes into and out ot thereversineI valve which latter tor this purpose is preferably made oftnhnlar l'orm and movable lengthwise between inner and outer tubularguides or valve seats and thas permits ot materially shortening thehammer.

l `or they purpose ot enablingy the piston to 'he started promptly tromthe extreme upper or rear end ot its stroke, the. upper end ot the.piston is beveled or tapered so as to permit the. compressed air tooperate npon the same more etlieiently in etiecting the initial portionof its downward or 'forward move-- has also Specification of Letterslatent.

Application filed July 16v., 1909.

for automatically cutting ottn t providing' Serial No. 507,462

ment, the piston being preferably tapered or beveled at both ends so asto avoid the necessity of special care on the part or' the operator inintroducing the piston into-,the power cylinder.

Another in'iprovementin this hannner consists in providing means,whereby the piston mavbe permitted ton-lake a long tst'rolte Jfor doingheavy work or stopped short ot its inll stroke when a short stroke isrequired 'lor iight. work.

Another object ot this invention is to provide simple means forlubricatingl the piston and operatingl the lubricating means by motionderived from the piston.

In the accompanying drawings eonsi`ting et 2 sheets: Figure l is afragmentary longitudinal section ol a' pneumatic hammer embodying; myimprovements and showii'ig the lair reversir-.g valve in the position inwhich air is admitted to the upper end oit the power cylinder aud thedead or spent air is exhausted t'rom the lower end thereof. Fig. is afragmentary view similar to Fig. l ont showing` the air reversing valvein the position in which the lire or compressed a ir is admitted to thelower end oit the power cylinder and the. dead or spent air is exhaustedit'rom the upper end of the same. Figi. il a fragmentary longitudinalseetion. taken on a line ditterentfrom Figs. `l and 2. and showing thelive air connections whereby air is admitted to the lower end of thereversing valve toi-aiding' in raisingthe latter and holding the same inits elevated position. Figs. -l and 5 are transverse seetions in thecorresptnidingly numbered lines in lfir. respectively. Fig. G is a tragimentary longitudinal section ol' the pneun'tatitI hammer. showing meansfor stopping the movement ot the piston or long stroke when a shortstroke of the same is desired. FigA 't' is a sectional elevation ot' thehammer on arednced scale.

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughoutythe. several views.

ln its l"eneral' 'or'anivation` mv im roved tp e. pneumatic hammercomprises a. power cylinder l which is provided at its front. or

lower end with a rivet set 2 or other tool which is to be operated` apiston S reciprocating' lengthwise in the power cylinder, a valve chest4r arranged at the upper or rear end of the power cylinder. a handle 5detaeliahly connected with the upper orrear Patented Mar. 22, 191%.

short ot its full air delivery conduit 7 which leads from the inletnipple 8 at the upper end of the handle downwardly to the reversingvalve mechanism and may be of any suitable construction but preferablyconsists of a tubular valve seat 9 arranged in a correspondingly-shapedopening extending across the delivery conduit or passage 7 and havingtwo openings 10 arranged on opposite sides in line with the adjacentparts of the delivery conduit, a cylindrical slide valve having enlargedend portions 11, 12 engaging with the bore of the valve seat and areduced central part 13 connecting the enlarged end parts, a spring' 14bearing against the inner end of the throttle valve and operating tomove the same backwardly, so that the front part of the valve closes thelower port 10 and cuts oit the supply of air to the hammer, and atrigger' 14() pivoted on the upper part of the handle and adapted whendepressed to engage with the outer end of the valve and shift the latterforwardly, so that the enlarged front part thereorl uncovers the lowerport 10 and permits the compressed air to pass to the reversing valvemechanism and the power cylinder. y

The automatic check valve whereby the escape of air from the main supplytube is cut off upon detaching this tube from the handle of the hammeris preferably combined with and forms part of the means whereby thistube is detachably connected with the hammer, the means for this purposeshown in the drawings being preferred and constructed as' follows:

l5 represents thc tubular casing oryhousing of the check valve which isprovided at its rear end with a nipple 1G inserted in .the front end ofthe main air supply tubo and permanently secured thereto by means valvecasing and having a valve stem22 which extends forwardly through thedelivery nozzle beyond the front end of the same. Upon screwing thenozzle 18 .into the nipple 8 the front end of the valve stem 22 engageswith the' periphery of the tubular valve seat of the throttle valvey orother stationary abutment, whereby the check valve is moved rearwardlyaway from its seat and air is permitted to pass from the supply tube orhose into the delivery conduit of the pneu- Amatic hammer. Uponunscrewing the nozzle of the check valve casing from the nipple of thedelivery conduit 7, the pressure' of the air in thej supply tube againstthe back of the check valve forces the latter against its'seat in thecasing thereby automatically cutting oil' the escape of air from thetube.` By this moans it is unnecessary to first turn oli;1 the vair inthe main supply tube near the air compressor or the main supply pipe ashas been customary heretofore, thereby not only the workman asfrequently occurs when the air supply tube is detached from thepneumatic hammer without first cutting on. the air supply to the tube,

v The air reversing valve mechanism com prises generally an innertubular valve guide ranged around the upper part of the inner guide, anouter tubular. valve guide orA seat: 25 surrounding the tubular valve, atubular valve box 26 surrounding the outer valve guide, and a circulartop, plug or cap 27 extending over the opening within the bore of `theinner and outer valve guides and valve upper ends of the outer valvelguide and valve box while its upper side engages with the underside ofthe handle 5.

The-inner valve guide or seat has its bore cylinder and arranged axiallyin line there- 'with and has an upper narrow part which is provided withan annular row of upper exhaust ports 28 through which the spent air ispermitted to escape from the upper end of the power cylinder' and alower wide part which is seated with its underside on a shoulder 29formed between the power cylinder and the' valve chest while its upperside is provided with an upper annular shoulder or seat 23, 'a tubularreversirrgvalve 24 ari saving time but also preventing injury to andresting with its underside against the les of the same diameter as thatof the power cylinder.

is provided with an annular groove Above its lower edge and in its widepart. the reversingvalve provided with inner and outer annular grooves.ill. Z55. which are formed respectivclv in the horc and the peripher)votl this valve and are connected lrv a pluralit v ot' radial openings orpassages it'. hovc the annular channels or grooves -l-l. 35 and theconnecting passages 3G the wide lower part ot the reversing valve isprovided in its peripher)Y with an annular transfer passage ill', thelower side otf which i'orins a pressure tace or shoulder 38. Above thistransfer passage the upper narrow part of the reversing valve isprovided in itsV peripher \v with an annular upwardlv facing shoulder'or pre-snrc i'aee 232i.

The outer tubular' guide rests with its ner guide and is provided aboveits lower edo'c with a valve retaining port 110 and a vent port: ilwhich are adapted to be closed Vhy the lower part of the valve when thesame, is lowered and to be uncovered b v this part of the valve when thesaine is raised. Above the retaining and vent ports, the outer guide isprovided with an annular row of n'iain air ports ft2 which are ar'ai'iged transversely opposite the upper c vlinder exhaust pg'ts of theinner guide and serve as part ot' the outlet or passageway for the airexhausted from both ends of the power Above the main ports.l the outerguide is provided with an annular row of alternating ports lli whichserve at one time as air admission ports through which coml ln'essed airpasses intothe lower end ot the power cylinder and at another time asexhaust ports for carrying the air from the lower end of the power cvlinder to the, atinosphere. In line with those alternating ports theouter valve guide or seat is providedl in its-bore with a downwardl)Yfacing annular shoulder 44- and above this shoulder and the alternatingports, the outer guide is provided with an annular row of lower pistonshifting ports 45, whereby the air is adi witted to the lower end of thepower cyliir der t'or raising the piston. Above the lower ypistonshifting ports the outer guide is provided with an upper valve shittingport 4o to which air passt for moving the reversing valve dmvnwardly.'Iraiisverselv in line with the upper valve shifting port the bore ofthe outer -val ve guide provided with a downwardly facing shoulder l?which is arranged'opposite the upwardly facing shonlT der 39 ofthereversing valve. Above the last mentioned shoulder ot' the outer guidethe latter is provided with an annular row o upper piston shifting ports4S whereby air is admitted to the upper end ot' the power cylinder forpushing or moving the piston downwardly in tte cylinder. y

The valve hoi;l fits with its' periphery into 32'. l the bore ot thevalve chest, its lower end rests upon the lower shoulder of the innerguide. the lower part of its here engages with the lower large or widepart oll the outer guide. while the upper part of its here opposite theports lo. JAS. 48 otl the outer `guide is separated b v an interveningpassage t9 YFrom the upper part' ot' the outer guide, this passage.being prete 'ablv formed by reducing this part oli the outer guide, as:shown in Figs. l and 2. ln its lower part the valve-hox is providedwith a plurality of longitudinal passagcsi() each ot' which opensinwardly into an annular passage or groove .31 torined in the bore ot'the. valvedoox and communicating with the alternating ports ot' thtJouter guide while its lower end eon'innnncates with anobliquepassage-Zin the lower end on the lower shoulder ot the 1nienlarged lower part of the inner guide, this last mentioned passage inturn communirating with a longitudinal passage .53 formed in the wallot' the power cylinder and extending to the lower end of the bore ot:this cylinder. as shown in Figs. l and 0.

0n one side the valve box is provided with a longitudinal passage 54which opens at its upper end into the passage 4t) between the upper partof the bore ot the valve hox and the upper part ofi the outer guidewhile its lower end communicates with the valve retaining port l0 ot theouter gui-de.r shown in Fig. 3. Un its opposite sides the valve box isprovided with a passage which places the vent port -ll in connnunicationwith the nearest longitudinal a'ir passage at).

ln the' lower part ol the valve box and alternating with thtllongitudinal passages .3() the saine is provided with a pluralitv otlongitudinal passages 5t each ol which coiniuunicates at its upper endwith an annular passage 5T formed in the bore olt the valve box inlin'.- with the main exhaust ports -l-L) ot the outer valve guide whileits lower end communicates with an exhaust passage as tornied in thelower enlarged partv ol"the inner gnidtl and tlnl last mentioned passagein turn communimting with an exhaust pas sage 5'.) 'orined in theadjacent part ot' thtl wall olI the power c vlinder and opening to theatmosphere.

ttt) represents a plurality ot longitudinal passages arranged in theenlarged lower part ol' the inner valve guide and cach open.-

lingl at its upper end through the upper Clt 'i 'i o valve is limited byengagement of its lower end with the upper shoulder of the inner guide,as shown in Fig. 1. The upward movement of the reverslng valve islimited by engagement ofits upper shoulder 39 with the downwardly facingshoulder Lt7 of the outer guide, as shown in Fig. 2. The cap or top oi'the reversing valve mechanism is provided with a/plurality of airpassages 62 which commuuieat e at their upper ends with the main airdelivery conduit 7 while their lower ends communicate with the airpassago 49. 'lransversely in line with its upper shoulder 39 thereversing valve is provided with one or .more vent. ports G3.

In the position ot' the parts shown in Fig. l, the piston is in itshighest position and the reversing valve is lowered fo' admittingcompressed air intothe space above the piston for propelling the sainedownwardly while thelower end of the power cylinder is connected withthe atmosphere for permitting the air to exhaust therefrom. In thisposition of the reversing valve the compressed air passes successivelyfrom the delivery conduit 7 downwardly through the passages (32 in thetop or cap, thence Vdownwardly through the passage lt) between the valvebox and upper part of the outer guide, thence .through the upper ports48 of the outer valve guide, and thence into the space above the-iu perend of the piston, whereby the latter is moved forwardly or downwardlyby the pressure ot'the air against the same. Some ofthe compressed airalso enters through the ports #.tt, 63 and bears against the upper endofthe pistonand assists iny propelling the same forwardly after the sanihas passed the ports (33 during the 40 iiiitial portion ot its downwardmovenient. The valve is at this time held in its lower or foremostposition by the pressure of the air against the upper edge ot' the sameand also against the upwardly facing shoulders and 39 thereot'. ll'hilethe piston 'is thus being moved down 'ardly the spent or dead air infront or below the same is expelled and passes successively t'rom thelower end of the power cylinder through the passages 53 ot' the powercylinder, the passages 52 i'n the inner guide, the passages 5l, 50 inthe 'alve box. thence through the alternating ports 43, transfer passage37, annular pasf sage 5T and longitudinal passages 57, 56, 5S, 55 5.9,to the atmosphere.

After the piston has completed about onehall of its downward or forwardstroke, the rear end o1' the same uncovers the lower end let' thepassages (il in the power cylinder permitting live or compressed air topass upwardly through these passages aud thence through the passages G0in the inn-er guide into the space below the lower end of the reversingvalve, thereby causing the latter to tially raised, the lower portionthereof uncovers the retaining air port 40, thereby permittingadditional live air to pass directly from the upper part of the valvebox through the passage 54 into the space below the re versing airvalvewhereby the upward movement of the same is assisted and effectedmore quickly than it the same were raised solely by the air supplied bythe longitudinalV passages (il. The instant that the reversing valve hasbeen thus raised into it-s uppermost position, as shown in Fig. 2, thelive or compressed air is diverted and lcaused to pass successivelylfrom the space 49 between the valve box and the upper part of the outerguide through the lower piston Shifting ports 45, annular transferpassage 37, alternatin through the passages'?, 56, 58 and 59 to theatmosphere. After the piston during its return or backward movement haspassed the lower end of the air passages 6l, the space below the lowerend ot the reversing valve is placed in connuunication with the' lowerend of the power cylinder into which the live air is entering but thisdoes not afi'ect the position of the reversing valve. During the lastpart of the upward or return stroke ot the piston the same covers theexhanst ports Q8 in the inner guide. After the piston reaches thisuppermost position, the pressure ot' the air against the upwardly faeingshoulders 38, 39 of t e reversing valve prepoiulerates over the pressureof the-air against the lower end ot' the reversing Valve, therebycausing the sameto be moved downwardly into its lowermost position, asshown in Fig. t, and causing the air connections to be again reversedfor propelling thepiston with a 'forward stroke. During the upwardmovement ot the reversing valve the air confined between the uppershoulders 39, 417 0f the valve and outer guide is permitted to escapethrough the vent ports (53,- thereby pre vent uur the movement of thevalve in this diret-,tion lrom being cushioned and permit-` ting thesame to be shitted quickly in this direetitm. As the reversing valve ismoved downwardly, the air below the same is permitted to pass vt'reelyIfrom the space below this valve through port and passage 4]., 55,

ies

in the lower part ot' the outer guide and the valve box to the :uljaecntlongitudinal passage 5() in the latter, thereby prevei'itmg the beraised. After this valve has been pardownward movement of the reversingvalve quires a comparatively long stroke of thel pistou while the lightwork can be' accomthun obtaining eitheiga Shortl or a 'long niechanieniwhile the same is in operation u the following ineens are provided: (34repl l l r reeents a reecrvoir for grease or oil formed l and by a coverthis reeei in the upper part of the cap or plug; "2 having' its topnormally cloned Centrally in the bottoni of voir'the same is providedwith an outlet- -passage (i6 which connnunicaten 'with thc bore of. thereversing valve mechanism 'und the power cylinder and which is pivotedat its upper end to the valve seat 6T. (3S represents u lulqn'ieating;valve engaging with the eat (37 vand provided with a stein (Si) whichprojects downwardly through 'the passage 66 into the `pace 'in thereversing This valve is normally valve mechanism. or yieldingrly held inits closed position by me: ns, or" a apring TO which is preferablyinterposed betweenthe top o the valve and theundereide of the cover (33.'During the last part of cach upward stroke oit the piston its upper'or'rr-ar end engagee with the et'eni et the lul'iricat-ing valve and'litte the latter from ite neat, thereby opcning'the passage (3G andpermitting a Small quantity ot' the oil in the reservoir, or the. greasetherein which has been melted by the. heating of the hanuner, to escapetherefrom into' the reversing'valve mechanism and power cylinder forlubricating these parte.

For the purpose of enabling the coinpreeeed air upon entering the upperend. of th".- space within the reversing valve 1nechanisi'n to'obiain aprompt holdl upon this end of the piston and move the Same quicklydownward, this end of the piston is beveled upwardly, as shown at 71 inFiga. l and ln order to avoid the necessity ot special Care on the partof the operator when introdueing the pieton into the power` cylinder,both ends of the piston are thus beveledyas leliown in the drawings, sothat it is uninaterial which end is placed uppern'ioet into the powercylinder.

Heavy riveting or other heavy work relied hy a shorter stroke. Topermit. o

Stroke in this 4pneumatic hammer, a stop device ie provided which ie,adapted to projecty into the path of the pieton and limit its return orbackward movement Shorty of the full stroke lout which when removedfrom' the hammer permits the pieton to again return or move baclrwardlyits -full stroke when a heavy blow is required. This stop devicepreferal'ily conSiet-s of a ring 72 which adapted .to be clamped'between the underside of .the inner guide and the Ashoulder of thepower' cylinder and which projects into l l l l l li l 4l l l i l l l ithe path of the piston and is provided with openings 7?, 'which connectthe adjacent passages in the power :ylinder and the inner guide. Whenthis, ring' is in piace it forme u stop "which is engaged by the upperend ot' he pieton and preventl the latter from entering the revci'eingvalve incchanifin, thereby :diorlouin;l the stroke oi" the sameaccordingly. "When a louby stroke of the piston iu required. this-.e'top plate or ring' can be easily removed by unscrmvinii` thc handle'from thc vc che and taking' thc valve mechanism out oi the chcet.thereby peruniting` the pi tou to again enter the valve nicchanien'i undwork with n long mrolvze.A ly, thisy means the uve o'l'V air may liceconomiZed and the operator relieved 'from unnecessary vibration whendoing light work.

l claim as my invention:

l. ji. pneumatic hannncr comprising` a power cylinder` a power .pistonarranged in said cylinder, a lulnicatii'ig chamber arranged at thc irontend oi' the cylinder und having' an outlet in its bottoni, a valve forclosing' the outlet having a sioni projecting Vlorwardly into thecylinder in position to he engaged by the rear cud o'l' the piston foropening; the valve, and a spring 'for closing said valve.

rl. pneumatic hammer comprisingr a power cylinder, a pistonrcciprocatingjr in Said cylinder, and a reinovz ble stop adapted to bearranged in the'. path oiE said piston for producing a Short Stroke oithe same and to be removed from the 'path of :aid pieton to permit thelatter to take a long al1-olie.

il. Ai pneumatic. hammer .comprising a power cylinder; a tubular guidearranged al. the rear cud of 'the cylinder? a piston adapjr edtoreciprocate lengthwise in the cylinder and guide Jfor producing :1long stroke oi' the same, a stop ring adapted to be placed between Saidcylinder and guide and adapted to arrest the pieton 'for producing ashort Stroke ot the saine. v

el. fr pneun'iatic hammer comprising a power cylinder. a pistonreciprocating; in the cylinder. and a valve rnechaniein for al*ternatcly :uhnitting` air into and permitting the same, lo oxhauet'troni opposite ends or the cylinder comprising an inner tubular guidearranged at the rear end oi the cylinder and having a bore of the eamodiameter as the cylinder and having an exhaust port extending -from itsbore lo its periphery, an outer tubular guide having' an upper pistonshitting rlr pori adapted to lead to the upper end of Ithe cylinder, anupper valve shifting' air 'port'. a lower pieton Shifting air portadapted io lead lo the lower end ot' the cylinder, an alternating airsupply and exhaust port. an, exhaust port. communicating 4with theatmoephere, and a lower valve shitting; air port, and a tubularreversing valve movable lengthwise betweensaid inl ner and outer valve0r upper end adapted to cover and uncover the upper piston shiftingports. and having a passage adapted to connect said alternating port ofthe outer guide with said lower piston shifting port or said exhaustport of the outer guide, and an exhaust ed to connect and disconnect theexhaust ports of the inner and outer guides.

5. A. pneumatic hammer comprising a power cylinder, a pistonreciprocating in said cylinder, and a valve mechanism for alternatelyadmitting air to and exhausting the saine froml opposite ends of thecylinder comprising an inner tubular guide having a bore of the sainediameter as the cylinder and having exhaust ports for the upper end ofthe cylinder, an outer tubular guide having upper piston shifting airsupply ports, upper valve shifting air piston shifting ai'r ports7alternating air supply and exhaust ports, main exhaust ports and lowervalve shifting air ports and provided in its bore Opposite said uppervalve shifting ports with a downwardlyfacing upper shoulder and providedopposite said alternating ports with a lower downwardly-facing shoulder,anda tubular guides and having its I reversing l i l supply ports, lowervalve adapted to reciprocate lengthwise between said inner andouterguide and having an upper end of the same bore as the cylinder andinner guide and adapted to cover and uncover the upper piston shiftingair ports and provided in its passage adaptperiphery with a passageadapted to connect said alternatlng ports either with said lower pistonshifting port or said main exhaust port, an exhaust passage adapted toconnect and disconnect said main exhaust ports and said upper cylinderexhaust ports, said valve being also provided on the up er part of itsperiphery with an upwardly flacing shoulder which vis arranged oppositethe upper shoulder of the outer guide', and a downwardly facing shoulderin its bore opposite the upper end of' the inner guide and having ventports in line shoulder, the lower end of said valve being adapted tocover and uncover said lower valve shifting ports.

W'itness my hand this 6th day of July,

M AX MAXIMILIAN. Witnesses THEO. LT POP?, ANNA I-IElGIs.

with Vits upperVv d

